Salamanders are a type of Claw Viper. They live in fiery lakes, and tend to be reckless.[1]
In-game
Salamanders will spawn along with regular Claw Vipers in the Claw Viper Temple. On Hell difficulty, Salamanders are immune to Cold. On this difficulty in Act V's Infernal Pits, Salamanders are immune to Fire and are able to cast something like shortened Inferno, but with increased range and damage, that kills 1500+ HP hirelings in 1-2 seconds.
Uniques
References
Claw Viper
Tomb Viper • Claw Viper • Salamander • Pit Viper • Serpent Magus